Garlic family tree

https://www.growingformarket.com/articles/garlic-varieties
https://www.garlicfarm.ca/garlic-history.htm
https://www.gourmetgarlicgardens.com/garlic-101.html

   In 2003, Dr. Gayle M. Volk of USDA’s National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation in Fort Collins, CO, did DNA fingerprinting of 211 varieties of garlic. Many were so genetically similar as to be statistically the same. However, she found that there are 10 distinct types: silverskin and artichoke are the two softneck types; rocambole, porcelain, purple stripe, marble purple stripe, Asiatic, turban, creole, and glazed purple stripe are hardneck types.

five very different hardneck varieties called Porcelain, Purple Stripe, Marbled Purple Stripe, Glazed Purple Stripe, and Rocambole; three varieties of weakly bolting hadnecks that often produce softnecks - Creole,Asiatic and Turban, plus two distinct softneck varietal groups; Artichoke and Silverskin

For beginning garlic growers, here are the basics :

Botanically, all culinary garlics are in the species Allium sativum. There are two sub-species: the hardneck or ophio garlics, which have scapes; and the softneck Rose  garlics, which don’t.

     

Hardneck garlic is more flavorful and the cloves are bigger and easier to peel than softnecks. Softneck garlic, the kind usually found in supermarkets and often imported, has the best storage life and is easier to braid than hardnecks. 

Growers with freezing winter weather can grow either hardneck or softneck garlic, but have the best success with hardnecks. Growers in warm winter areas do better with softnecks. 

the Asiatics and Turbans developed in the East, while the Creoles developed in Spain and southern France and Artichokes and Silverskins developed Italy and elsewhere in Europe.

five very different hardneck varieties called 

Porcelain- Music, Italian Hardneck,Yugoslavian, German Hardneck

Purple Stripe- Mexican Purple,

Marbled Purple Stripe- Bogatyr, Duganskij

Glazed Purple Stripe- Purple Glazer

Rocambole Spanish Roja, German Red, Russian Red

three varieties of weakly bolting hardnecks that often produce softnecks - 

Creole- Rose de Lautrec

Asiatic -Japanese

Turban -Thai

plus two distinct softneck varietal groups; 

Artichoke and 

Silverskin.